@article { author = {Ebrahiminezhad, Alireza and Taghizadeh, Seyedeh-Masoumeh and Taghizadeh, Saeed and Ghasemi, Younes}, title = {Chemical and Biological Approaches for the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles; A mini Review}, journal = {Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {55-62}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2423-3722}, eissn = {2423-5652}, doi = {}, abstract = {Since ancient time silver and silver based compound have been used as a powerful antimicrobial agent in medicine. Discovery of antibiotics pushes the silver away from medicine and pharmaceutical sciences. By emerging resistance strains and reducing the efficiency of antibiotics, silver became point of attentions again, but in a novel form of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs are the most effective and powerful novel antimicrobial with ancient roots. Chemical synthesis is one of the first techniques for synthesis of AgNPs. In this technique silver ions reduced to AgNPs by using chemical reducing agents such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7). Later investigations have shown that biological molecules from living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants can also be used as more safe and in some cases sheep reducing agent for biosynthesis of AgNPs.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42220.html}, eprint = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42220_74d28d424bc7422b91f0ca3703025314.pdf} } @article { author = {Najafi, Nahid and Jamshidzadeh, Akram and Fallahzadeh, Hamideh and Omidi, Mahmoud and Abdoli, Narges and Najibi, Asma and Azarpira, Negar and Heidari, Reza and Niknahad, Hossein}, title = {Valproic Acid-Induced Hepatotoxicity and the Protective Role of Thiol Reductants}, journal = {Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {63-70}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2423-3722}, eissn = {2423-5652}, doi = {}, abstract = {Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely administered drug against epilepsy and several other neurological disorders. On the other hand, liver injury is a deleterious side effect associated with VPA. Oxidative stress seems to play a critical role in VPA-induced hepatotoxicity. The current investigation was designed to evaluate if N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and dithiothreitol (DTT) as thiol reducing agents have any protective effects against VPA-induced liver injury. Isolated rat hepatocytes (in vitro) were exposed to increasing concentrations of VPA (25, 50, 100, 150, and 250 µM) and markers of cytotoxicity were evaluated. Furthermore, animals received VPA (250 and 500 mg/kg, i.p for 15 consecutive days) (in vivo) and markers of liver injury were monitored. It was found that 250 µM of VPA caused marked cytotoxicity toward isolated hepatocytes as judged by trypan blue exclusion test. Moreover, markers of oxidative stress including glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation were detected in VPA-treated hepatocytes. On the other hand, VPA caused a significant increase in plasma markers of hepatotoxicity in drug-treated group. Liver histopathological changes and markers of oxidative stress were also detected in VPA-treated animals. It was found that administration of NAC (1 mM), and DTT (1 mM) significantly alleviated VPA-induced cytotoxicity (In vitro). NAC (250 and 500 mg/kg) and DTT (15 and 30 mg/kg) also significantly mitigated VPA hepatotoxicity (In vivo). The data obtained from the current investigation indicate potential therapeutic properties of thiol reductants against VPA-induced liver injury.}, keywords = {glutathione,Hepatoprotective,Hepatotoxicity,Oxidative stress,Sodium Valproate}, url = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42221.html}, eprint = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42221_fd59e891c3819c642384d805a3ecd897.pdf} } @article { author = {Hemmati, Shiva}, title = {Analysis of the expression level of aquaporins under acetylene treatment and pathogen attack}, journal = {Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {71-82}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2423-3722}, eissn = {2423-5652}, doi = {}, abstract = {Fusarium wilt disease and Sigatoka leaf spots threaten global market of Musa sp. Major Intrinsic Proteins (MIP) consisting aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the transport of water and molecules like H2O2, CO2, silicon, boron, urea, and ammonia. Biotic and abiotic stresses affect the expression level of MIPs and influence the transportation of water and nutrients, which results in the susceptibility of plants to diseases. Expression level of MIP genes in Musa acuminata (MaMIPs) fruits during development and under acetylene treatment; expression of MaMIPs in the corms of banana infected with Fusarium oxysporum cubense (Foc), and the expression of MaMIP genes in the leaves treated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis were retrieved from the banana genome hub database. Expression data of roots, treated with virulent Focs at 3, 27, and 51 hours post-inoculation (hpi) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. The expression data were analyzed using MeV 4.9 program. Expression level of MaMIPs was mainly suppressed by acetylene and biotic treatments. Twenty seven and 51 hpi of roots with Foc, 88% and 63% of MaMIPs were down-regulated. However, MaNIP2-1 expression showed a significant up-regulation in all conditions. Infection of banana corms resulted in the suppression of MaMIPs. A low decrease in the expression of MaMIPs was observed, when the leaves were under Mycosphaerella fijiensis attack. Suppression of MaMIPs might be in line with repression of plant defense by banana pathogens as an approach for infection progression. Identification of the MIPs influenced by stresses provides the opportunity for the production of transgenic resistant cultivars.}, keywords = {aquaporin,Banana,Biotic stress,Expression profile,Fusarium,Mycosphaerella}, url = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42222.html}, eprint = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42222_8db4fd30a6709e2ef2c05f6da9115811.pdf} } @article { author = {Fereidoonnezhad, Masood and Mostoufi, Azar and Aliyan, Fariba}, title = {N-Phenyl Ureidobenzenesulfonate derivatives as novel anticancer agents: QSAR and Molecular docking studies}, journal = {Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {83-104}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2423-3722}, eissn = {2423-5652}, doi = {}, abstract = {DNA double strand-breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious lesions that can affect the genome of living beings and are lethal if not quickly and properly repaired. Recently, N-phenyl ureidobenzenesulfonates (PUB-SOs) as tubulin inhibitors that are blocking the cells cycle progression in S-phase and inducing DNA DSBs is discovered. Here, a set of PUB-SOs derivatives were applied to quantitative structural activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. A series of chemometrics methods like MLR, FA- MLR, PCR and partial least squared included in variable selection genetic algorithm (GA-PLS) were used for relations between structural features of these compounds and their anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 cell line. New potent lead compounds were also designed based on new structural patterns using in silico-screening study. Molecular docking studies of these compounds on DNA and tubulin were conducted. The results obtained from validated docking protocol indicate that the important amino acids inside the active site cavity that are in charge of essential interactions with tubulin are Ala30, Lys B254, Asn B258, Met B259, Asn A101, Glu A183, Thr A179, Leu B255, Ser A178 and Gln B247. And the most important base pairs inside the minor groove of DNA being responsible for essential interclation with DNA are G2, G4, G10, G12, A5, A6, C9 and C11 base pairs. }, keywords = {QSAR,molecular docking,N-phenyl ureidobenzenesulfonates,in silico-screening}, url = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42223.html}, eprint = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42223_cf91fffa662a36654a3d3e7737405753.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmadi, Fatemeh and Rezaee, Sardar and Alipour, Shohreh}, title = {Formulation and evaluation of an Aloe vera -Licorice combination topical gel: a potential choice for wound healing}, journal = {Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {105-112}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2423-3722}, eissn = {2423-5652}, doi = {}, abstract = {Wound healing is a natural body response to injury and consists of three steps; Inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Natural products have always been attractive in pharmacy and drug delivery and have shown higher patient compliance in some treatments. Aloe vera and licorice extract have each been used to improve and accelerate wound healing. It seems that combination of these two natural products may show better and effective results. Aloe vera gel and licorice extract powder were standardized with their major and important components, Glycyrrhizin and Glucomannan, respectively. Three different polymers in three different concentrations were used to prepare topical gels containing Aloe vera gel and licorice extract powder. Gels were examined for different properties such as appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content and in vitro release. Optimized formulations contained carbopol 2% (F3) and CMC 3% (F5) with pH (5.92 and 5.69), spreadability (51 and 55 mm), a shear thinning manner and in vitro release within 8 hours proper for topical use. Preclinical studies should be processed to determine the suitability of these gels for wound healing.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42224.html}, eprint = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42224_03495b10253fd8500d1f543fbb8f95fb.pdf} } @article { author = {Niknahad, Hossein and Hosseini, Helia and Gozashtegan, Fatemeh and Ebrahimi, Farzaneh and Azarpira, Negar and Abdoli, Narges and Heidari, Reza}, title = {The Hepatoprotective Role of Thiol Reductants against Mitoxantrone-Induced Liver Injury}, journal = {Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {113-122}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2423-3722}, eissn = {2423-5652}, doi = {}, abstract = {Mitoxantrone is anthracycline antibiotic highly effective against various human cancers. Hepatotoxicity is associated with mitoxantrone administration. On the other hand, there is no effective therapeutic option against chemotherapy-induced liver injury. The current investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of thiol reductants on mitoxantrone-induced liver injury in two experimental models. As an ex vivo model, isolated rat liver was exposed to increasing concentrations of mitoxantrone (100, 250, 750, and 1000 µM) alone or in combination with thiol-reductants (Dithiothreitol; DTT, and N-acetyl cysteine; NAC). In addition, rats (in vivo) received mitoxantrone (2.5 mg/kg, i.p, at days 1, 10, and 20), NAC (100 and 300 mg/kg/day, i.p, for 20 consecutive days) and DTT (15 and 30 mg/kg/day, i.p, for 20 consecutive days), then liver and serum pathological changes were monitored. Mitoxantrone-induced liver injury was evident in both ex vivo and in vivo experiments as assessed by pathological changes in biomarkers of liver injury, along with tissue histopathological changes. Furthermore, an increase in liver tissue markers of oxidative stress was detected in the mitoxantrone-treated group. It was found that thiol reductants significantly mitigated mitoxantrone hepatotoxicity. The data indicate that thiol reductants might serve as hepatoprotective agents against chemotherapy-induced liver injury.}, keywords = {Antineoplastic agents,Chemotherapy,Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI),glutathione,Hepatotoxicity}, url = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42225.html}, eprint = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42225_d625af0b2803f4e20967106a9e19c7d7.pdf} } @article { author = {Mortazavi, Maryam and Sakhteman, Amirhossein and Hessami, Anahita and Sadeghpour, Hossein}, title = {Molecular Docking and Thermodynamic Studies of the Interactions between Aspirinate Complexes of Transition metals and Cyclooxygenase-2 Enzyme: Quantum Chemical Calculations based on the ONIOM method}, journal = {Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {123-134}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2423-3722}, eissn = {2423-5652}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the present research, molecular docking and thermodynamic properties of the transition metal complexes of aspirin were calculated against Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme.  Density functional theory with dispersion function (DFT-D) using LANL2DZ basis set calculation was carried out to study the structural and thermodynamic properties of the interaction between aspirinate complexes of transition metals and COX-2. The ONIOM2 (wB97X-D/LANL2DZ:UFF) method was applied to the interaction of transition metal complexes with COX-2 binding site. The Interaction enthalpies and the Gibbs free energies between aspirinate complexes of Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), and In(III) as anti-inflammatory complexes and COX-2  enzyme in the gas phase were calculated. The structure as well as the thermodynamics of optimized metal complexes was debated from the biological point of view. In the gas phase, the interaction was relatively strong and transition metal complexes could be used as potential anti-inflammatory drugs.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42226.html}, eprint = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42226_5114ab9b755ac402c4a5bb37cfee521a.pdf} } @article { author = {Gholami, Ahmad and Ghoshoon, Mohammad-Bagher and Ghafari, Parisa and Ghasemi, Younes}, title = {The effect of different positively charged silver nanoparticles against bacteria, fungi and mammalian cell line.}, journal = {Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {135-142}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Shiraz University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2423-3722}, eissn = {2423-5652}, doi = {}, abstract = {The bactericidal efficiency of various positively charged silver nanoparticles has been extensively evaluated in literature, but there is no report on efficacy of various positive charged silver nanoparticles. The goal of this study is to evaluate the role of different positive electrical charge at the surface of silver nanoparticles on antibacterial activity against a panel of microorganisms and their biofilm activities and their cytotoxicity. Four different silver nanoparticles were synthesized by different methods, providing four different electrical surface charges (two ionic liquids (imidazolium and pyridinium) with 12 and 18 alkyl chain length) namely C12Im, C12Py, C18Im and C18Py, respectively. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was tested against gram-positive (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), gram-negative (i.e., Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) bacteria and Candida albicans as fungi. Disc diffusion and micro-dilution tests were used to evaluate the bactericidal activity of the nanoparticles according to CLSI methods. Also primary cytotoxicity assay of nanosilvers was assessed by MTT test.According to the obtained results, C12Py showed the highest bactericidal activity against all microorganisms tested. C18Im had the least and the C12Im had intermediate antibacterial activity. The most resistant bacteria were Escherichia coli. Different positive surface charge of silver nanoparticles was a significant factor affecting their bactericidal activity. Although the nanoparticles capped with pyridinium and 12 alkyl chains showed the highest level of effectiveness against the organisms tested, the silver nanoparticles capped with imidazolium and 12 alkyl chains were also potent against most bacterial species. Cytotoxicity of the silver nanoparticles was negligible.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42227.html}, eprint = {https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42227_ca9d1a47f44bafd6bf0bf07a97b326e6.pdf} }