ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biotechnology: employing organism as bioreactors
Biological products, especially proteins, have numerous applications including prevention, diagnosis, and treating diseases. Advances in biotechnology in recent years have opened up many ways to manufacture these products in large scales. To engineer biopharmaceuticals, often pro and/or eukaryotic sustainable resources are used. Selection of the cellular factory depends on the type and application of protein needed. In this review, we explore current resources used to produce biologics, examine these resources critically for their biological output, and finally highlight impact of using sustainable resources in modern medicine
https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42153_f60241e5aee870d1f5ef6dab34990852.pdf
2015-06-01
53
64
Maryam
Baniasad
baniasad_maryam@yahoo.com
1
AUTHOR
Zohreh
Amoozgar
zohreh.amoozgar@gmail.com
2
1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2 Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,
Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
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51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Management of Gastroesophageal reflux disease in adult: Review article
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common disease. This review focuses on the management strategies for patients with this disease. We review the initial and maintenance therapy of GERD. We also review different management of recurrent and refractory GERD.
https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42156_086e66c946224903086f81e29ae56bb2.pdf
2015-06-01
65
74
Ramin
Niknam
niknamramin@yahoo.com
1
Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Fattahi
fattahi@sums.ac.ir
2
Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Manafi
manafi@fums.ac.ir
3
Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
AUTHOR
sahar
khazforoosh
khazforoosh@fums.ac.ir
4
Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
AUTHOR
laleh
mahmoudi
mahmoudi_l@sums.ac.ir
5
Department of Pharmacotherapy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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Diav-Citrin O, Arnon J, Shechtman S, Schaefer C, van Tonningen MR, Clementi M, et al. The safety of proton pump inhibitors in pregnancy: a multicentre prospective controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005 ;21(3):269-75.
73
Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF. American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 2008;135(4):1392-1413.
74
Hetzel DJ, Dent J, Reed WD, Narielvala FM, Mackinnon M, McCarthy JH, et al. Healing and relapse of severe peptic esophagitis after treatment with omeprazole. Gastroenterology1988 ;95(4):903-12.
75
Inadomi JM, McIntyre L, Bernard L, Fendrick AM. Step-down from multiple- to single-dose proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): a prospective study of patients with heartburn or acid regurgitation completely relieved with PPIs. Am J Gastroenterol 2003 ;98(9):1940-4.
76
Carlsson R, Dent J, Watts R, Riley S, Sheikh R, Hatlebakk J, et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care: an international study of different treatment strategies with omeprazole. International GORD Study Group. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998;10(2):119-24.
77
Watson RG, Tham TC, Johnston BT, McDougall NI. Double blind cross-over placebo controlled study of omeprazole in the treatment of patients with reflux symptoms and physiological levels of acid reflux--the "sensitive oesophagus". Gut 1997;40(5):587-90.
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Hatlebakk JG, Katz PO, Kuo B, Castell DO. Nocturnal gastric acidity and acid breakthrough on different regimens of omeprazole 40 mg daily. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12(12):1235-40.
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80
Rackoff A, Agrawal A, Hila A, Mainie I, Tutuian R, Castell DO. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists at night improve gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms for patients on proton pump inhibitor therapy. Dis Esophagus 2005;18(6):370-3.
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Lidums I1, Lehmann A, Checklin H, Dent J, Holloway RH. Control of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux by the GABA(B) agonist baclofen in normal subjects. Gastroenterology 2000;118(1):7-13.
82
Zhang Q, Lehmann A, Rigda R, Dent J, Holloway RH. Control of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux by the GABA(B) agonist baclofen in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 2002;50(1):19-24.
83
Omari TI, Benninga MA, Sansom L, Butler RN, Dent J, Davidson GP. Effect of baclofen on esophagogastric motility and gastroesophageal reflux in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr 2006;149(4):468-74.
84
Vela MF, Tutuian R, Katz PO, Castell DO. Baclofen decreases acid and non-acid post-prandial gastro-oesophageal reflux measured by combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17(2):243-51.
85
Koek GH, Sifrim D, Lerut T, Janssens J, Tack J. Effect of the GABA(B) agonist baclofen in patients with symptoms and duodeno-gastro-oesophageal reflux refractory to proton pump inhibitors. Gut 2003;52(10):1397-402.
86
Cossentino MJ, Mann K, Armbruster SP, Lake JM, Maydonovitch C, Wong RK. Randomized clinical trial: the effect of baclofen in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux - a randomised prospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;35(9):1036-44.
87
Boeckxstaens GE, Beaumont H, Hatlebakk JG, Silberg DG, Björck K, Karlsson M, et al. A novel reflux inhibitor lesogaberan (AZD3355) as add-on treatment in patients with GORD with persistent reflux symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor therapy: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Gut 2011;60(9):1182-8.
88
Fass R, Shapiro M, Dekel R, Sewell J. Systematic review: proton-pump inhibitor failure in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease--where next? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22(2):79-94.
89
Clouse RE, Lustman PJ, Eckert TC, Ferney DM, Griffith LS. Low-dose trazodone for symptomatic patients with esophageal contraction abnormalities. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 1987;92(4):1027-36.
90
Handa M, Mine K, Yamamoto H, Hayashi H, Tsuchida O, Kanazawa F, et al. Antidepressant treatment of patients with diffuse esophageal spasm: a psychosomatic approach. J Clin Gastroenterol 1999;28(3):228-32.
91
Lundell L, Miettinen P, Myrvold HE, Hatlebakk JG, Wallin L, Malm A, et al. Seven-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial comparing proton-pump inhibition with surgical therapy for reflux oesophagitis. Br J Surg 2007; 94:198â203.
92
Dickman R, Schiff E, Holland A, Wright C, Sarela SR, Han B, et al. Clinical trial: acupuncture vs. doubling the proton pump inhibitor dose in refractory heartburn. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;26(10):1333-44.
93
Nojkov B, Rubenstein JH, Adlis SA, Shaw MJ, Saad R, Rai J, et al. The influence of co-morbid IBS and psychological distress on outcomes and quality of life following PPI therapy in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;27(6):473-82.
94
Mizyed I, Fass SS, Fass R. Review article: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and psychological comorbidity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;29(4):351-8.
95
Jafri SM, Arora G, Triadafilopoulos G. What is left of the endoscopic antireflux devices? Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2009;25(4):352-7.
96
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Topical gel formulation and stability assessment of platelet lysate based on turbidimetric method
Platelet-rich growth factors have attracted attentions of scientists and clinical practitioners who are involved in wound healing and regenerative medicine extensively, according to their unprecedented potential of promoting and catalyzing healing process. Platelet-rich growth factors are cost-benefit, available and are more stable than recombinant human growth factors. These appealing characteristics have converted PRGF to one of the popular candidate for treatment of variety of wounds. According to these valuable properties, we decided to formulate and assess the effect of different excipients on the stability of such valuable protein based formulations. Different excipients have been chosen according to their effectiveness on the stability of proteins and their application in the other similar formulations. The stabilizing effect of excipients was evaluated by measuring heat-induced aggregation of growth factors by turbidimetric assay. Glycerol, glycine and dextrose were chosen as stabilizing excipient for these formulations. The results show that dextrose has more stabilizing effect on prevention of heat induced aggregation of the platelet lysate growth factors than glycerol and glycine. All of the formulations also contained antioxidant, chelating agents, preservative and carbopol 934 in order to form appropriate gel
https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42154_6d46f7cf51a1fec88c473dbd7c2a86e2.pdf
2015-06-01
75
82
Soliman
Mohammadi Samani
smsamani@sums.ac.ir
1
Center for Drug Delivery in Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akram
Jamshidzade
2
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Modjtaba
Seyed Raoufi
3
School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Zeinab
Mardani
4
School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Gobbi G, Vitale M. Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparations for Biological Therapy: Applications and Limits. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics. 2012;22(1):10-5.
1
Mescher AL. Junqueira's Basic Histology: Text & Atlas: Mcgraw-hill medical New York; 2010.
2
Andia I, Sanchez M, Maffulli N. Basic science: molecular and biological aspects of platelet-rich plasma therapies. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics. 2012;22(1):3-9.
3
Foster TE, Puskas BL, Mandelbaum BR, Gerhardt MB, Rodeo SA. Platelet-rich plasma from basic science to clinical applications. The American journal of sports medicine. 2009;37(11):2259-72.
4
Wroblewski AP, Mejia HA, Wright VJ. Application of platelet-rich plasma to enhance tissue repair. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics. 2010;20(2):98-105.
5
Enoch S, Leaper DJ. Basic science of wound healing. Surgery (Oxford). 2008;26(2):31-7.
6
Everts PA, Knape JT, Weibrich G, Schonberger J, Hoffmann J, Overdevest EP, et al. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet gel: a review. Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology. 2006;38(2):174.
7
Man D, Plosker H, Winland-Brown JE. The use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (platelet gel) and autologous platelet-poor plasma (fibrin glue) in cosmetic surgery. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2001;107(1):229-37; discussion 38-9.
8
Marx RE, Carlson ER, Eichstaedt RM, Schimmele SR, Strauss JE, Georgeff KR. Platelet-rich plasma: growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 1998;85(6):638-46.
9
Pallua N, Wolter T, Markowicz M. Platelet-rich plasma in burns. Burns. 2010;36(1):4-8.
10
Lacci KM, Dardik A. Platelet-rich plasma: support for its use in wound healing. The Yale journal of biology and medicine. 2010;83(1):1.
11
Carter MJ, Fylling CP, Parnell LK. Use of platelet rich plasma gel on wound healing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eplasty. 2011;11.
12
Yol S, Tekin A, Yilmaz H, Küçükkartallar T, Esen H, Ãaǧlayan O, et al. Effects of platelet rich plasma on colonic anastomosis. Journal of Surgical Research. 2008;146(2):190-4.
13
Almdahl SM, Veel T, Halvorsen P, Vold MB, Mølstad P. Randomized prospective trial of saphenous vein harvest site infection after wound closure with and without topical application of autologous platelet-rich plasma. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2011;39(1):44-8.
14
Everts PAM, Devilee R, Brown Mahoney C, EeftinckâSchattenkerk M, Box H, Knape J, et al. Platelet gel and fibrin sealant reduce allogeneic blood transfusions in total knee arthroplasty. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2006;50(5):593-9.
15
Hom DB, Linzie BM, Huang TC. The healing effects of autologous platelet gel on acute human skin wounds. Archives of facial plastic surgery. 2007;9(3):174-83.
16
Fresno L, Fondevila D, Bambo O, Chacaltana A, Garcia F, Andaluz A. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on intestinal wound healing in pigs. The Veterinary Journal. 2010;185(3):322-7.
17
Ma L, Elliott SN, Cirino G, Buret A, Ignarro LJ, Wallace JL. Platelets modulate gastric ulcer healing: role of endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor release. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001;98(11):6470-5.
18
Wasterlain AS, Braun HJ, Dragoo JL. Contents and formulations of platelet-rich plasma. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics. 2012;22(1):33-42.
19
Kurita J, Miyamoto M, Ishii Y, Aoyama J, Takagi G, Naito Z, et al. Enhanced vascularization by controlled release of platelet-rich plasma impregnated in biodegradable gelatin hydrogel. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 2011;92(3):837-44.
20
Lee H-R, Park KM, Joung YK, Park KD, Do SH. Platelet-rich plasma loaded hydrogel scaffold enhances chondrogenic differentiation and maturation with up-regulation of CB1 and CB2. Journal of Controlled Release. 2012;159(3):332-7.
21
Nagae M, Ikeda T, Mikami Y, Hase H, Ozawa H, Matsuda K-I, et al. Intervertebral disc regeneration using platelet-rich plasma and biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres. Tissue engineering. 2007;13(1):147-58.
22
Ohba S, Wang W, Itoh S, Takagi Y, Nagai A, Yamashita K. Efficacy of plateletârich plasma gel and hyaluronan hydrogel as carriers of electrically polarized hydroxyapatite microgranules for accelerating bone formation. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 2012;100(11):3167-76.
23
Lu HH, Vo JM, Chin HS, Lin J, Cozin M, Tsay R, et al. Controlled delivery of plateletârich plasmaâderived growth factors for bone formation. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 2008;86(4):1128-36.
24
Rossi S, Faccendini A, Bonferoni M, Ferrari F, Sandri G, Del Fante C, et al. âSponge-likeâ dressings based on biopolymers for the delivery of platelet lysate to skin chronic wounds. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2013;440(2):207-15.
25
Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Mori M, Del Fante C, et al. Thermosensitive eyedrops containing platelet lysate for the treatment of corneal ulcers. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2012;426(1):1-6.
26
Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Mori M, Del Fante C, et al. Platelet lysate formulations based on mucoadhesive polymers for the treatment of corneal lesions. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2011;63(2):189-98.
27
Anitua E, Sanchez M, Orive G, Andia I. The potential impact of the preparation rich in growth factors (PRGF) in different medical fields. Biomaterials. 2007;28(31):4551-60.
28
Kamerzell TJ, Esfandiary R, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB. Proteinâexcipient interactions: Mechanisms and biophysical characterization applied to protein formulation development. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2011;63(13):1118-59.
29
Wang W. Instability, stabilization, and formulation of liquid protein pharmaceuticals. International journal of pharmaceutics. 1999;185(2):129-88.
30
Peppas N, Bures P, Leobandung W, Ichikawa H. Hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. 2000;50(1):27-46.
31
Khamanga S, Walker RB. Drug transport mechanisms from carbopol/Eudragit verapamil sustained-release tablets. Dissol Technol. 2011;1:30-8.
32
Barry B, Meyer M. The rheological properties of carbopol gels I. Continuous shear and creep properties of carbopol gels. International journal of pharmaceutics. 1979;2(1):1-25.
33
Schiffter H. The delivery of drugsâpeptides and proteins: Pergamon Press (Elsevier), Oxford, UK; 2011. 587-604 p.
34
Hovgaard L, Frokjaer S, van de Weert M. Pharmaceutical formulation development of peptides and proteins: CRC Press; 2012.
35
Tsai P, Volkin DB, Dabora JM, Thompson KC, Bruner MW, Gress JO, et al. Formulation design of acidic fibroblast growth factor. Pharmaceutical research. 1993;10(5):649-59.
36
Sinko PJ. Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lipincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
37
Kurganov B, Rafikova E, Dobrov E. Kinetics of thermal aggregation of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2002;67(5):525-33.
38
Zhang J, Peng X, Jonas A, Jonas J. NMR study of the cold, heat, and pressure unfolding of ribonuclease A. Biochemistry. 1995;34(27):8631-41.
39
Liu Y, Sturtevant JM. The observed change in heat capacity accompanying the thermal unfolding of proteins depends on the composition of the solution and on the method employed to change the temperature of unfolding. Biochemistry. 1996;35(9):3059-62.
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical compositions of two endemic Thymus species essential oil
Thymus is one of the most important members of Lamiaceae family. Aerial parts of the plant have been widely used in medicine. It has been reported that most of these effects are related to phenolic compounds especially thymol and carvacrol in Thymus essential oil.In this study, aerial parts of Thymus daenensis and Thymus lancifolius were collected from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. Essential oil of aerial parts of these plants was gained by hydrodistillation method and the chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography/ Mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major components of the essential oil of Thymus daenensis were thymol (39.91%), carvacrol (29.93%), linalool (5.55%), caryophyllene (3.5%) and geraniol (3.09%), whereas the major components of the essential oil of Thymus lancifolius were: carvacrol (25.55%), thymol (20.79%), linalool (16.8%), α- terpineol(6.34%), borneol (4.00%), caryophyllene (3.98%), p-cymene (3.38%) and cis-linalool oxide (3.21%). Linalool was reported as another major component in Thymus lancifolius.
https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42155_16a37a353ecf873fa05b13edf593b4c7.pdf
2015-06-01
83
86
Samira
Jaberi
s_jaberi2012@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahmoodreza
Moein
2
Medical Plants Processing Research Center and Department of Pharmacognosy School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Jafari
Azizolah
az.jafari2010@gmail.com
3
Department of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
AUTHOR
Forough
Karami
k.forough@yahoo.com
4
Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Rechinger KH. Flora Iranica. Austria: Graz: Akademische Druck u. Verlagsanstalt; 1982.
1
Inouye S, Takizawa T, Yamaguchi H. Antibacterial effects of essential oil and their major constituents against respiratory tract pathogens by gaseous contact. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001; 47: 565-73.
2
Plaza P, Torres R, Usall J, Lamarca N, Viasa I. Evalauiton of the potential of commercial postâharvest application of essential oils to control citrus decay. J Hort Sci Biotech. 2004; 79: 935-40.
3
Cherallier A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited; 1996.
4
Ghasemipirbalouti A. Medicinal plants used in Chaharmahal and Bakhtyari districts of Iran. Herba Pol. 2009; 55: 69-75.
5
Rustaiyan A, Lajevardi T, Rabbani M, Yari M, Masoudi S. Chemical constituents of the essential oil of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. and Hohen. From Iran. Daru. 1999; 7: 27-8.
6
Tümen G, KirimerN, BaÅer. Composition of the essential oils of Thymus species growing in Turkey. Chem Nat Compd. 1995; 31: 42-7.
7
Miceli A, Negro C, Tommasi L. Essential oil variability in Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. growing wild in Southern Apulia Italy. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2006; 34: 528-35.
8
Massada Y. Analysis of essential oil by gas chromatography and spectrometry. New York: Wiley Press, 1976.
9
Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Illinois: Allured Publishing, 1995.
10
Sajjadi SE, Khatamsaz M. Composition of the essential oil of Thymus daenensis Celak. ssp. lancifolius (Celak.) Jalas. J Essent Oil Res. 2003; 15: 34â5.
11
Jamzad Z. Flora of Iran. Lamiaceae Family. Iran: Tehran: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands; 2013.
12
Nickavar B, Mojab F, Dolat-Abadi R. Analysis of the essential oil of two Thymus species from Iran. Food Chem. 2005; 90: 609-11.
13
Sabahi Z, Zarshenas MM, Farmani F, Faridi P, Moein S, Moein MR. Essential oil composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Thymus daenensis Celak from Iran. Global J. Pharmacol. 2013; 7: 153-8.
14
Alavi L, Barzegar M, Jabbari A, Naghdi Badi H. Effect of heat treatment on chemical composition and antioxidant property of thymus daenensis essential oil. J Med Plants. 2010; 9: 129-38.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of the rate and etiology of pharmacological errors by nurses of two major teaching hospitals in Shiraz
Medication errors have serious consequences for patients, their families and care givers. Reduction of these faults by care givers such as nurses can increase the safety of patients. The goal of study was to assess the rate and etiology of medication error in pediatric and medical wards. This cross-sectional-analytic study is done on 101 registered nurses who had the duty of drug administration in medical pediatric and adults’ wards. Data was collected by a questionnaire including demographic information, self report faults, etiology of medication error and researcher observations. The results showed that nurses’ faults in pediatric wards were 51/6% and in adults wards were 47/4%. The most common faults in adults wards were later or sooner drug administration (48/6%), and administration of drugs without prescription and administering wrong drugs were the most common medication errors in pediatric wards (each one 49/2%). According to researchers’ observations, the medication error rate of 57/9% was rated low in adults wards and the rate of 69/4% in pediatric wards was rated moderate. The most frequent medication errors in both adults and pediatric wards were that nurses didn’t explain the reason and type of drug they were going to administer to patients. Independent T-test showed a significant change in faults observations in pediatric wards (p=0.000) and in adults wards (p=0.000). Several studies have shown medication errors all over the world, especially in pediatric wards. However, by designing a suitable report system and use a multi disciplinary approach, we can be reduced the occurrence of medication errors and its negative consequences.Keyword: Etiology,Teaching hospital,Pharmcological error, Medication errors, Nurse.
https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42157_7d3090ece88d20b605d2fc3fa138ab53.pdf
2015-06-01
87
96
Adult medical ward
Medication errors
Pediatric ward
Nurse
Fatemeh
vizeshfar
vizeshfarf@sums.ac.ir
1
Department of nursing,school of nursing and midwifery,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran
AUTHOR
Mozghan
Rivaz
mrivaz@sums.ac.ir
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zohreh
Montaseri
3
AUTHOR
Hashem
Montaseri
hmontase@sums.ac.ir
4
AUTHOR
Sanghera IS, Franklin BD, Dhillon S. The attitudes and beliefs of healthcare professionals on the causes and reporting of medication errors in a UK Intensive care unit.
1
Anaesthesia. 2007 ;62(1):53-61.
2
Brady AM1, Malone AM, Fleming S. A literature review of the individual and systems factors that contribute to medication errors in nursing practice. J Nurs Manag. 2009;17(6):679-97.
3
Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS. To err is human: building a safer health system, Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2000.
4
Page K, McKinney AA. Addressing medication errors--The role of undergraduate nurse education. Nurse Educ Today. 2007;27(3):219-24.
5
Stratton KM, Blegen MA, Pepper G, Vaughn T. Reporting of medication errors by pediatric nurses. J Pediatr Nurs. 2004;19(6):385-92.
6
Carlton G, Blegen MA. Medication-related errors: a literature review of incidence and antecedents. Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2006;24:19-38.
7
Flynn EA, Barker KN, Pepper GA, Bates DW, Mikeal RL. Comparison of methods for detecting medication errors in 36 hospitals and skilled-nursing facilities. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2002;59(5):436-46.
8
Ross LM, Wallace J, Paton JY. Medication errors in a paediatric teaching hospital in the UK: five years operational experience. Arch Dis Child. 2000;83(6):492-7.
9
Ferranti J, Horvath MM, Cozart H, Whitehurst J, Eckstrand J. Reevaluating the safety profile of pediatrics: a comparison of computerized adverse drug event surveillance and voluntary reporting in the pediatric environment. Pediatrics. 2008;121(5):e1201-7.
10
Joolaee S, Hajibabaee F, Peyrovi H, Haghani H, Bahrani N. The relationship between incidence and report of medication errors and working conditions. Int Nurs Rev. 2011;58(1):37-44.
11
Seidi M, Zardosht R, Survey of Nursesâ Viewpoints on Causes of Medicinal Errors and Barriers to Reporting in Pediatric Units in Hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, JFUMS. 2012;2(3):142-7.
12
Heydari H, Kamran A, Novinmehr N, Nursesâ Perceptions about Causes of Medication:Errors: a Qualitative Study. Hayat. 2014; 20(4): 19-34.
13
Taheri E, Nourian M, Rasouli1 M, Kavousi1 A. The Study of Type and Amount of Medication Errors in Neonatal Intensive Care. Iran J Crit Care Nurs 2013;6(1):21-28.
14
Shams S,Baqryh F,Feizi A,Baghaie R,Hashemlu L,The frequency of medication errors according to nurses self report on Khoy hospitals,The journal of Urmia nursingand midwifery faculty. 2012;10(5):721-6.
15
Mansouri A, Ahmadvand A, Hadjibabaie M, Kargar M, Javadi M, Gholami K. Types and severity of medication errors in Iran; a review of the current literature. Daru. 2013;21(1):49.
16
Judd M. Broken communication in nursing can kill: teaching communication is vital. Creat Nurs. 2013;19(2):101-4.
17
Fleming S, Brady AM, Malone AM. An evaluation of the drug calculation skills of registered nurses. Nurse Educ Pract. 2014;14(1):55-61.
18
Wright K. Do calculation errors by nurses cause medication errors in clinical practice? A literature review. Nurse Educ Today. 2010;30(1):85-97.
19
Ching JM, Long C, Williams BL, Blackmore CC. Using lean to improve medication administration safety: in search of the âperfect doseâ. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2013;39(5):195-204.
20
Westbrook JI, Woods A, Rob MI, Dunsmuir WT, Day RO Association of interruptions with an increased risk and severity of medication administration errors. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(8):683-90.
21
Biron AD, Lavoie-Tremblay M, Loiselle CG. Characteristics of work interruptions during medication administration. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2009;41(4):330-6.
22
Gonzales K. Medication administration errors and the pediatric population: a systematic search of the literature. J Pediatr Nurs. 2010;25(6):555-65.
23
Rouault M, Saurat D, Viallet A, Grelaud G, Dussart C. Improving collaboration between the pharmacy and the nurses. Rev Infirm. 2013;(190):39-42.
24
. Kouhestani H, Baghcheghi N. Refusal in Reporting Medication Errors from the Viewpoints of Nursing Students in Arak University of Medical Sciences, J Med Educ. 2008; 8(2): 285-91.
25
Khalili H, Karimzadeh I, Mirzabeigi P, Dashti-Khavidaki S. Evaluation of clinical pharmacistâs interventions in an infectious diseases ward and impact on patientâs direct medication cost. Eur J Intern Med. 2013;24(3):227-33.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Essential oil composition and bioinformatic analysis of Spanish broom (Spartium junceum L.)
The essential oil, isolated by hydrodistillation from fresh flowers of Spartium junceum L. collected from medicinal plant garden in Shiraz faculty of pharmacy, near Shiraz, Fars, Iran, was investigated by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. The GC/MS analysis of the oil revealed the presence of 30 constituents, of which Linalool (26.18%), Tetradecanoic acid (22.83%), Camphor (13.50%), and Dodecanoic acid (13.09%) were the major, constituting altogether almost 75.60% of total composition. This is the first report of linalool as a major compound in S. junceum oil composition.For studying of 18S rRNA gene, genomic DNA content was extracted and PCR procedure was done. Sequence similarity searches were done using NCBI database and CLC sequence viewer software. The result of PCR blasted with other sequenced genes in NCBI showed 98 % similarity to the 18S small subunit rRNA of Pisum sativum (Fabaceae) and Phaseoleae environmental samples of Elev and Amb clones. The phylogenetic relationships among 71 previously reported sequences of ribosomal encoding genes from plants and this novel sequence was investigated too.
https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42158_a322b554c0bff3c32d210a39d7090940.pdf
2015-06-01
97
104
18S rRNA encoding gene
bioinformatics
Essential oil
phylogenetic relationships
Spartium junceum L
Younes
Ghasemi
ghasemiy@sums.ac.ir
1
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamed
Abedtash
hamed_abedtash@yahoo.com
2
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossein
Morowvat
mhmorowvat@gmail.com
3
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolali
Mohagheghzadeh
mohaghegh@sums.ac.ir
4
AUTHOR
Shirin
Ardeshir-Rouhani-Fard
ardeshirsh@sums.ac.ir
5
AUTHOR
Flora Iranica: Papilionaceae : II / auctoribus K. H. Rechinger & aliis: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt; 1984.
1
YeÅilada E, Takaishi Y. A saponin with anti-ulcerogenic effect from the flowers of Spartium junceum. Phytochemistry. 1999;51(7):903-8.
2
De Rosa S, De Stefano S. Chrysin 7-gentiobioside from the flowers of Spartium junceum. Phytochemistry. 1983;22(10):2323-4.
3
YeÅilada E, Takaishi Y, Fujita T, Sezik E. Anti-ulcerogenic effects of Spartium junceum flowers on in vivo test models in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000;70(3):219-26.
4
Rocha LG, Almeida JRGS, Macêdo RO, Barbosa-Filho JM. A review of natural products with antileishmanial activity. Phytomedicine. 2005;12(6â7):514-35.
5
Menghini L, Massarelli P, Bruni G, Pagiotti R. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Spartium junceum L. flower extracts: a preliminary study. Journal of Medicinal Food. 2006;9(3):386-90. PubMed PMID: 17004903.
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Ozimina II. Quantitative determination of flavonoids in Spartium junceum. Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 1985;21(5):590-2.
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Bilia AR, Flammini F, Flamini G, Morelli I, Marsili A. Flavonoids and a saponin from Spartium junceum. Phytochemistry. 1993;34(3):847-52.
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YeÅilada E, Tsuchiya K, Takaishi Y, Kawazoe K. Isolation and characterization of free radical scavenging flavonoid glycosides from the flowers of Spartium junceum by activity-guided fractionation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000;73(3):471-8.
9
Belsito EL, Chidichimo G, Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Liguori A, Perri F, et al. Extraction of quinolizidine alkaloids in non aqueous basic conditions: The case of Spartium junceum flowers. Chromatographia. 2008;68(5-6):345-9.
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Miraldi E, Ferri S, Giorgi G. Identification of volatile constituents from the flower oil of Spartium junceum. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2004;16(6):568-70.
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Owen S, Boissard C, Street RA, Duckham SC, Csiky O, Hewitt CN. Screening of 18 Mediterranean plant species for volatile organic compound emissions. Atmospheric Environment. 1997;31, Supplement 1:101-17.
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Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA, Mietzner TA. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelbergâs medical microbiology. 26th edition. New York: Mc Graw Hill Medical. 2012
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Robert P, Adams RP. Identification of essential oil compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 4th edition. Allured Publishing Corporation. Carol Stream, IL, USA. 2007.
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Fiore MF, Moon DH, Tsai SM, Lee H, Trevors JT. Miniprep DNA isolation from unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 2000;39(2):159-69.
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Corpet F. Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering. Nucleic Acids Research. 1988;16(22):10881-90.
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Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biolology and Evoloution. 2013;30(12):2725-9.
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Rzhetsky A, Nei M. A simple method for estimating and testing minimum-evolution trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 1992;9(5):945-67.
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Felsenstein J. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution. 1985:783-91.
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Tamura K, Nei M, Kumar S. Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004;101(30):11030-5. PubMed PMID: 15258291.
21
Nei M., Kumar S. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, New York. 2000.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Metronidazole Derivatives as Anti-Giardia Agents
Nitroimidazole derivatives such as Metronidazole (MTZ) have been used as anti- protozoa and anti-anaerobic bacteria. In this study several compounds of MTZ derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against Giardia lamblia cyst. Firs MTZ were reacted with several alkyl halide to obtain O-alkyl MTZ derivatives, then products were purified and their chemical structures were confirmed by elemental and spectral analysis (1HNMR and Mass). In order to biological evaluation all compounds were investigated against 25 Giardia samples isolated from giarfdiasis patients. Results showed compound 2a had the most activity on cyst of Giardia in comparison with MTZ.
https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42159_9f67e8a0fc7f9e0d61e6847547de056a.pdf
2015-06-01
105
110
Bahador
shahriari
1
Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Rezaei
rezaeiza@sums.ac.ir
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
Soghra
Khabnadideh
khabns@sums.ac.ir
3
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Sadeghpour
sadghpurh@sums.ac.ir
4
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholam
Hatam
5
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Qasem
Asgari
6
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Kiani
7
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Fardad
Firoozi
8
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
- Scorza AV, Lappin M R. Metronidazole for the treatment of feline giardiasis. J Feline Medicine & Surgery 2004; 6: 157-160.
1
- Turner ML, Cockerell EJ, Brereton HM, Badenoch PR, Tea M, Coster DJ, Williams KA.
2
Antigens of selected Acanthamoeba species detected with monoclonal antibodies. Int J
3
Parasitol 2005; 35: 981-90.
4
-Karabay O, Tamer A, Gunduz H, Kayas D, Arinc H, Celebi H. Albendazole versus metronidazole treatment of adult giardiasis: an open randomized clinical study. World J Gastroentrol 2004; 10: 1215-7.
5
- Adam RD. The biology of Giardia spp. Microbiol Rev 1991; 55: 706-32.
6
- Anthwal Amit; Rawat D.S.; Rawat M.S.M. 5-Nitroimidazole derivatives: A scope of Modification for Medicinal chemists. Res. J. Chem. Sci.. Vol. 3(7), 104-113, July (2013)
7
- Cava T, Gozukara SE. Genotoxicity evaluation of metronidazole using the piscine micronucleus test by acridine orange fluorescent staining. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 2005; 19: 107-111.
8
- Bharti N, Athar F, Maurya MR, Azam A. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro anti-amoebic activity of new palladium (II) complexes with 5-nitrothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde N (4)- substituted thiosemicarbazones. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12: 4679-84.
9
- Sisson G., Goodwin A., Raudonikiene A., Hughes N.J., Mukhopadhyay A.K., Berg D.E. and Hoffman P.S. Enzymes associated with reductive activation and action of nitazoxanide, nitrofurans and metronidazole in Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 46,
10
â2123 (2002)
11
- Hoffman J.S. and Caves D.R., Treatment of Helicobacter pylori. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol, 17, 30â34 (2001)
12
- World Health Organization, WHO model list of essential medicines, 15th
13
edition, Available: http://www. who.int/medicines/ publications/EssMedList15.pdf. (2013)
14
- Kim DW, Park JM, Yoon BW, Baek MJ, Kim JE, Kim SY. Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy. J Neurol Sci 2004; 224: 107-11
15
- Upcroft JA, Campbell RW, Benakli K, Upcroft P, Vanelle P. Efficacy of New 5-Nitroimidazoles against Metronidazole-Susceptible and -Resistant Giardia, Trichomonas, and Entamoeba spp. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1999; 43: 73â76.
16
-Beena, Kumar Nitin, Rohilla Rajesh K., N. Roy, Rawat Diwan S. . Synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of metronidazoleâtriazole conjugates, Bioorg. Med. chem.
17
Lett., 19, 1396â1398 (2009)
18
- Massimo Bertinaria, Ubaldina Galli,Maria Immacolata Brenciaglia,Giovanni Sorba,Roberta Fruttero,Maria Maddalena Scaltrito, Alberto Gasco, Francesco Dubini. Synthesis and Anti-Helicobacter pylori Properties of NO-Donor/Metronidazole Hybrids and Related compounds,
19
Drug Dev. Res, 60, 225â239 (2003)
20
- Seref Demirayak, Ahmet Ãagri Karaburun, Nuri Kiraz. Synthesis and antibacterial activities of some 1-[2-(substituted pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole derivatives, Eur. J. Med. Chem, 34, 275-278 (1999)
21
- Lalit Kumar, Amit Sarswat, Nand Lal, Vishnu L. Sharma, Ashish Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Vikas Verma, Jagdamba P. Maikhuri, Awanit Kumar, Praveen K. Shukla, Gopal Gupta. Imidazole derivatives as possible microbicides with dual protection, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 817â824 (2010)
22
- Haythem A. Saadeh, Ibrahim M. Mosleh, Mustafa M. El-Abadelah. New Synthesis and Antiparasitic Activity of Model 5-Aryl-1methyl-4-nitroimidazoles, Molecules, 14, 2758-2767 (2009)
23
- Khabnadideh S., Rezaei Z., Khalafi Nezhad, Motazedian M.H., Eskandari M. Synthesis of metronidazole derivatives as antigiardiasis agents, DARU Vol. 15, No. 1 2007
24
- Zahra Rezaei, Soghra Khabnadideh, Kamiar Zomorodian, Kyvan Pakshir, Giti Kashi, Narges Sanagoei and Sanaz Gholami. Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Some New Imidazole and Triazole Derivatives, Arch.Pharm.Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 344 (10), 658-665
25
- S. Khabnadideh, Z. Rezaei, Y. Ghasemi, N. Montazeri-Najafabadi. Antibacterial Activity of Some New Azole Compounds, Antiinfective Agents, 2012, 10, 26-33
26
- Zahra Rezaei, Soghra Khabnadideh, Keyvan Pakshir, Zahra Hossaini, Fatemeh Amiri, Elham Assadpour, Design, synthesis, and antifungal activity of triazole and benzotriazole derivatives, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 44 (2009) 3064â3067
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Free radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition of Hypericum helianthemoides (spach) Boiss
Antioxidants are compounds that obstruct the oxidation of macromolecules in the body. In general, there are two categories of antioxidants, natural and synthetic. Recently, interest has been increased considerably for obtaining new natural antioxidants. In this study, the scavenging of free radicals such as DPPH, NO and OH by Hypericum helianthemoides extract was evaluated. Also, the antioxidant properties of this extract were evaluated by FRAP, FTC methods and determination phenolic compounds. The plant was collected from north of Fars Province and plant extraction was obtained using ethanol. In DPPH radical scavenging, different concentrations of the Hypericum extract were added to DPPH radical. In hydroxyl radical scavenging, Fenton reaction mixture, TCA and TBA were mixed with Hypericum extract. In nitric radical scavenging, nitropruside was mixed with Hypericum extract and then sulphanilic acid, naphthylene diamine were added. In determination of phenolic compounds, Folin-ciocalteu and sodium carbonate were added to Hypericum extract. In DPPH radical scavenging, the IC50 of Hypericum extract (309.35±6.5µg/ml) was higher than the antioxidant standards, BHT (IC50=81.9±2.6 µg/ml) and quercetin (IC50=60.04±6.48 µg/ml). The highest scavenging of hydroxyl radicals was observed in Hypericum extract (70.3±0.8%, 125 µg/ml). In gallic acid it was (73.8±3.3%). In 200 µg/ml of Hypericum extract scavenged NO radical (85.2±2.7%). In FRAP method, the IC50 of this extract was 109.7±10.5 µg/ml. In FTC method, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by Hypericum extract, BHT and ascorbic acid were 59.2±2.2, 66.9±0.15, 64.06±0.02 respectively. Total phenol of the plant extract was 3±0.4 mg/g.//
https://tips.sums.ac.ir/article_42160_ec648009dd174e13733ae29c09a9ee1f.pdf
2015-06-01
111
114
soheila
Moein
soheila_9@yahoo.com
1
AUTHOR
Mahmoodreza
Moein
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Farmani
3
AUTHOR
Narayanan R, Chandrasekaran S, Sooriamuthu S, Jerrine J, Nanjian R. Antioxidant activities and phytochemical analysis of methanol extract of leaves of Hypericum hookerianum. IJPPS. 2014;6:456-60.
1
Velioglu Y, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah B.Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. J Agric Food Chem. 1998;46:4113-17.
2
Apak R, Cuclu K, Demirata B, Qzyurek M, Celik SE, Bektasoglu, et al. Comparative evaluation of various total antioxidant assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC Assay. Molecules. 2007;12:496-547.
3
Moein S, Moein MR, Khoshnoud MJ, Kalantari, T. In vitro antioxidant properties
4
evaluation of 10 Iranian medicinal plants by different methods. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012;14:771-5.
5
Mockute D, Bernotiene G. The main citral geraniol and carvacrol chemotypes of the essential oil of Thymus pulegioides L. growing wild in Vilnius district (Lithuania). J Agric Food Chem. 1999;47:3787-90.
6
Sabahi Z, Zarshenas MM, Farmani F, Faridi F, Moein S, Moein MR. Essential oil composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Thymus daenensis celak from Iran. Global J Pharmacol. 2013;7:153-8.
7
Olabinri BM, Odedire OO, Olaleye MT, adekunle AS, Ehigie LO, Olabinri PF. In vitro evaluation of hydroxyl and Nitric oxide radical scavenging activities of Artemether. Res J Biol Sci. 2010;5:102-5.
8
DeMartino L, Bruno M, Fromisano C, Feo V De, Napolitane F, Rossellis S. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from two species of Thymus growing wild in southern Italy. Molecules. 2009;14: 6414-24.
9
Moein S, Moein MR. Antioxidant activities and phenolic content of Juniperus excels extract. Iranian J Pharm Sci. 2010;6:133-40.
10
Moein MR, Moein S, Ahmadizadeh
11
S. Radical scavenging and reducing power
12
Salvia mirzayanii subfractions. Molecules. 2008;13:2804-13.
13
Ozturk N, Tuncel M, Potoglu-Erkara I. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of some Hypericum species: A comparative study with Hypericum. Pharm Biol. 2009;47:120-7.
14