A designed model of urinary stone formation and the effect of Lapis judaicus on urinary parameters in rat

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

2 Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

3 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

Urinary stones after urinary tract infections and prostate disorders are the third most common urinary tract diseases. In recent years various herbal medicines for preventing or treating renal stones have been marketed and may be helpful in prevention and treatment, but still effectiveness and safe drug therapy without surgical intervention is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of L. judaicus in the treatment of urinary stones. In order to form stone in an animal model, 1% Ethylene Glycol (EG) dissolved in drinking water was used. Forty rats were divided into eight groups. After 45 days of drug administration, to determine the effects of the drug on urinary and serum parameters, 24-hour urine and blood samples were obtained. Then animals were sacrificed and kidneys were sent to the pathology laboratory for histological examination. Results of our study showed that prescribing L. judaicus in the co-treatment group reduced serum BUN, elevated urinary citrate and urine pH, and reduced urinary parameters such as urine protein, calcium, oxalate, phosphorus, and creatinine, therefore L. judaicus is effective in inhibition of urinary stones formation. Histopathologic results showed a decline of urinary stones in L. judaicus groups in comparison with ethylene glycol group. 

Highlights

Mohammad Javad Khoushnoud (Google Scholar)

Keywords


1.    Tanagho EA, McAninch JW. Smith's general urology.16th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2004; 256-91.
2.    Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 25;328(12):833-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199303253281203. PMID: 8441427.
3.    Kaul P, Sidhu H, Sharma SK, Nath R. Calculogenic potential of galactose and fructose in relation to urinary excretion of lithogenic substances in vitamin B6 deficient and control rats. J Am Coll Nutr. 1996 Jun;15(3):295-302. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1996.10718601. PMID: 8935446.
4.    Saldana TM, Basso O, Darden R, Sandler DP. Carbonated beverages and chronic kidney disease. Epidemiology. 2007 Jul;18(4):501-6. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3180646338. PMID: 17525693; PMCID: PMC3433753.
5.    Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ. Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women. Ann Intern Med. 1997 Apr 1;126(7):497-504. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-126-7-199704010-00001. PMID: 9092314.
6.    Kok DJ, Iestra JA, Doorenbos CJ, Papapoulos SE. The effects of dietary excesses in animal protein and in sodium on the composition and the crystallization kinetics of calcium oxalate monohydrate in urines of healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Oct;71(4):861-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem-71-4-861. PMID: 2401715.
7.    Taylor EN, Curhan GC. Oxalate intake and the risk for nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Jul;18(7):2198-204. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007020219. Epub 2007 May 30. PMID: 17538185.
8.    Atan L, Andreoni C, Ortiz V, Silva EK, Pitta R, Atan F, Srougi M. High kidney stone risk in men working in steel industry at hot temperatures. Urology. 2005 May;65(5):858-61. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2004.11.048. PMID: 15882711.
9.    Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Dietary factors and the risk of incident kidney stones in men: new insights after 14 years of follow-up. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Dec;15(12):3225-32. doi: 10.1097/01.ASN.0000146012.44570.20. PMID: 15579526.
10.    Borghi L, Schianchi T, Meschi T, Guerra A, Allegri F, Maggiore U, Novarini A. Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 10;346(2):77-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa010369. PMID: 11784873.
11.    Curhan GC. Dietary calcium, dietary protein, and kidney stone formation. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1997;23(3-6):261-4. PMID: 9387129.
12.    Butterweck V, Khan SR. Herbal medicines in the management of urolithiasis: alternative or complementary? Planta Med. 2009 Aug;75(10):1095-103. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1185719. Epub 2009 May 14. PMID: 19444769; PMCID: PMC5693348.
13.    Pearle MS, Nadler R, Bercowsky E, Chen C, Dunn M, Figenshau RS, Hoenig DM, McDougall EM, Mutz J, Nakada SY, Shalhav AL, Sundaram C, Wolf JS Jr, Clayman RV. Prospective randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for management of distal ureteral calculi. J Urol. 2001 Oct;166(4):1255-60. PMID: 11547053.
14.    Xu H, Zisman AL, Coe FL, Worcester EM. Kidney stones: an update on current pharmacological management and future directions. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Mar;14(4):435-47. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.775250. PMID: 23438422; PMCID: PMC3772648.
15.    Duffin CJ. Lapis judaicusor the Jews' stone: the folklore of fossil echinoid spines. P Geologists Assoc. 2006;117: 265-275.
16.    Faridi P, Seradj H, Mohammadi-Samani S, Vossoughi M, Mohagheghzadeh A, Roozbeh J. Randomized and double-blinded clinical trial of the safety and calcium kidney stone dissolving efficacy of Lapis judaicus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Oct 28;156:82-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.003. Epub 2014 Sep 1. PMID: 25193008.
17.    Kumar R, Kumar T, Kamboj V, Chander H. Pharmacological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Kigeliapinnata fruit against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats. Asian J Plant Sci Res. 2012;2(1):63-72.
18.    Shukla AB, Mandavia DR, Barvaliya MJ, Baxi SN, Tripathi CR. Evaluation of anti-urolithiatic effect of aqueous extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) leaves using ethylene glycol-induced renal calculi. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2014 May;4(3):151-9. PMID: 25050313; PMCID: PMC4104626.
19.    Ghaeni FA, Amin B, Hariri AT, Meybodi NT, Hosseinzadeh H. Antilithiatic effects of crocin on ethylene glycol-induced lithiasis in rats. Urolithiasis. 2014 Dec;42(6):549-58. doi: 10.1007/s00240-014-0711-y. Epub 2014 Aug 31. PMID: 25173352.
20.    Khan N, Shinge J, Naikwade N. Antilithiatic effect of Helianthus annuus Linn. Leaf extract in ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride induced nephrolithiasis. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010;2(2010):180-84.
21.    Selvam R, Kalaiselvi P, Govindaraj A, Bala Murugan V, Sathish Kumar AS. Effect of A. lanata leaf extract and Vediuppu chunnam on the urinary risk factors of calcium oxalate urolithiasis during experimental hyperoxaluria. Pharmacol Res. 2001 Jan;43(1):89-93. doi: 10.1006/phrs.2000.0745. PMID: 11207071.
22.    Huang HS, Ma MC, Chen J, Chen CF. Changes in the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the kidney of rats with nephrolithiasis induced by ethylene glycol. J Urol. 2002 Jun;167(6):2584-93. PMID: 11992092.
23.    Lulat SI, Yadav YC, Balaraman R, Maheshwari R. Antiurolithiatic effect of lithocare against ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2016 Jan-Feb;48(1):78-82. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.174564. PMID: 26997728; PMCID: PMC4778213.