Investigation of Chemical Composition of Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis L.) Hydrosol and its Effects on Tissue Damage Markers and Plasma Enzymes in Short-term Consumption

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

2 Student research committee, School of pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

3 Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

4 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz Unicersity of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Oriental plane hydrosol (distillate), as a remedy for weight gain and asthma treatment is popular in ethnomedicine. Phytochemicals of medicinal plants could have side effects or serious damages. In this study, the oriental plane hydrosol was prepared by steam distillation. Also, tree oriental plane hydrosol samples from different companies were purchased from herbal market to compare the constituents. The phytochemicals in hexane and chloroform extracts of the hydrosols were identified by GC-MS analysis. In order to investigate subacute toxicity, the hydrosol was given to groups of 6 of male mice at doses of 10, 50, 100, 300 or 500 µl/ mouse/ twice a day by gavage for 14 consecutive days (subacute toxicity) or just for one day (acute toxicity). Serologic and pathologic samples were prepared. Chloroform extracts contained mostly (Z) -3-hexenol, thymol, carvacrol, camphor and the main constituents of hexane extracts include decane, dodecane and hexadecane. The results showed lack of serologic toxicity in subacute consumption of the hydrosol. In acute toxicity study, the levels of ALT, LDH, and BUN increased significantly. Other enzymes did not change significantly in compare to the control group. No significant pathologic damage was seen in heart or lung tissues, but the liver and kidney showed mild inflammation in acute toxicity study and inflammation in subacute toxicity studies. Determination of compounds which are responsible for the observed effects and especially safety of this hydrosol consumption for the longer periods can prevent side effects or possible toxicities.

Keywords


1. Thai QD, Tchoumtchoua J, Makropoulou M, Boulaka A, Meligova AK, Mitsiou DJ, Mitakou S, Michel S, Halabalaki M, Alexis MN, Skaltsounis LA. Phytochemical study and biological evaluation of chemical constituents of Platanus orientalis and Platanus × acerifolia buds. Phytochemistry. 2016 Oct;130:170-81. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 May 11. PMID: 27179684.
2. Haider S, Nazreen S, Alam MM, Hamid H, Alam MS. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Platanus orientalis Linn. and its ulcerogenic risk evaluation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Aug 30;143(1):236-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.029. Epub 2012 Jul 6. PMID: 22771315.
3. Aghili M. Gharabadin Kabir (Republished by Institute of Medical History, Islamic and Complementary Medicine). Iran University Of Medical Sciencess, Tehran, Iran. 2008.
4. Mahdizadeh S, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: a review of analgesics and anti-inflammatory substances. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2015;5(3):182-202.
5. Torkan S, Mohajeri N, Khamesipour F. A comparison study of anti food allergy of plane tree leaves extract with the chemical drug therapy in affected dogs. Marmara Pharm J. 2016;20:86-91.
6. Tantry MA, Akbar S, Dar JA, Irtiza S, Galal A, Khuroo MA, et al. Acylated flavonol glycoside from Platanus orientalis. Fitoterapia. 2012;83(2):281-5.
7. Yang C-H, Yang Y, Liu J-H. Platachromone A–D: Cytotoxic 2-styrylchromones from the bark of Platanus× acerifolia (Aiton) Willd. Phytochemistry Letters. 2013;6(3):387-91.
8. Pazouki N, Sankian M, Nejadsattari T, Khavari-Nejad RA, Varasteh AR. Oriental plane pollen allergy: identification of allergens and cross-reactivity between relevant species. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008 Nov-Dec;29(6):622-8. doi: 10.2500/aap.2008.29.3178. PMID: 19173789.
9. Pazouki N, Sankian M, Leung PT, Nejadsattari T, Khavari-Nejad RA, Varasteh AR. Identification of cyclophilin as a novel allergen from Platanus orientalis pollens by mass spectrometry. J Biosci Bioeng. 2009 Feb;107(2):215-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.10.016. PMID: 19217563.
10. Mirsadraee M, Tavakoli A, Ghorani V, Ghaffari S. Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and Platanus orientalis extracts on asthmatic subjects resistant to routine treatments. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2018 Sep-Oct;8(5):399-407. PMID: 30345227; PMCID: PMC6190250.
11. Chatzigeorgiou S, Thai QD, Tchoumtchoua J, Tallas K, Tsakiri EN, Papassideri I, Halabalaki M, Skaltsounis AL, Trougakos IP. Isolation of natural products with anti-ageing activity from the fruits of Platanus orientalis. Phytomedicine. 2017 Sep 15;33:53-61. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.009. Epub 2017 Jul 31. PMID: 28887920.
12. SICAK Y, Eliuz EAE. Determination of the phytochemical profile, in vitro the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Arbutus andrachne L. wood growing in Turkey. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi. 2019;20(1):57-61.
13. Dogan A, Anuk OO. Investigation of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of chinar (Platanus orientalis L.) leaf infusion against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. Mol Biol Rep. 2019 Jun;46(3):3049-3061. doi: 10.1007/s11033-019-04741-7. Epub 2019 Mar 12. PMID: 30864112.
14. Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Mousavi S. Antinociceptive study of extracts of Platanus orientalis leaves in mice. Res Pharm Sci. 2011 Jul;6(2):123-8. PMID: 22224096; PMCID: PMC3249775.
15. Hamedi A, Pasdaran A, Zebarjad Z, Moein M. A Survey on Chemical Constituents and Indications of Aromatic Waters Soft Drinks (Hydrosols) Used in Persian Nutrition Culture and Folk Medicine for Neurological Disorders and Mental Health. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Oct;22(4):744-752. doi: 10.1177/2156587217714145. Epub 2017 Jun 21. PMID: 28633539; PMCID: PMC5871290.
16. Hamedi A, Moheimani SM, Sakhteman A, Etemadfard H, Moein M. An Overview on Indications and Chemical Composition of Aromatic Waters (Hydrosols) as Functional Beverages in Persian Nutrition Culture and Folk Medicine for Hyperlipidemia and Cardiovascular Conditions. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Oct;22(4):544-561. doi: 10.1177/2156587216686460. Epub 2017 Feb 9. PMID: 29228785; PMCID: PMC5871258.
17. Hamedi A, Afifi M, Etemadfard H. Investigating Chemical Composition and Indications of Hydrosol Soft Drinks (Aromatic Waters) Used in Persian Folk Medicine for Women's Hormonal and Reproductive Health Conditions. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Oct;22(4):824-839. doi: 10.1177/2156587217717413.
18. Heidari R, Niknahad H, Sadeghi A, Mohammadi H, Ghanbarinejad V, Ommati MM, et al. Betaine treatment protects liver through regulating mitochondrial function and counteracting oxidative stress in acute and chronic animal models of hepatic injury. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jul;103:75-86. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 7. PMID: 29635131.
19. Hamedi A, Jamshidzadeh A, Dana M, Pasdaran A, Heidari R. Effects of the essential oil from Citrus aurantium flowers on liver health parameters in a laboratory animal model. Feyz. 2020;24(1):38-47
20. Hatanaka A, Sekiya J, Kajiwara T. Distribution of an enzyme system producing cis-3-hexenal and n-hexanal from linolenic and linoleic acids in some plants. Phytochemistry. 1978;17(5):869-72.
21. Tollsten L, Bergström G. Headspace volatiles of whole plants and macerated plant parts of Brassica and Sinapis. Phytochemistry. 1988;27(7):2073-7.
22. Remaud G, Debon AA, Martin Y-l, Martin GG, Martin GJ. Authentication of bitter almond oil and cinnamon oil: application of the SNIF-NMR method to benzaldehyde. J Agric Food Chem. 1997;45(10):4042-8.
23. Kula J, Sadowska H. One-pot synthesis of (E)-2-nonenal from castor oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1993;70(6):643-4.
24. Tigrine-Kordjani N, Meklati BY, Chemat F. Contribution of microwave accelerated distillation in the extraction of the essential oil of Zygophyllum album L. Phytochem Anal. 2011 Jan-Feb;22(1):1-9. doi: 10.1002/pca.1236. Epub 2010 Sep 7. PMID: 20821807.
25. Tieman DM, Zeigler M, Schmelz EA, Taylor MG, Bliss P, Kirst M, Klee HJ. Identification of loci affecting flavour volatile emissions in tomato fruits. J Exp Bot. 2006;57(4):887-96. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erj074. Epub 2006 Feb 10. PMID: 16473892.
26. Pourmortazavi SM, Ghadiri M, Hajimirsadeghi SS. Supercritical fluid extraction of volatile components from Bunium persicum Boiss.(black cumin) and Mespilus germanica L.(medlar) seeds. J Food Compost Anal. 2005;18(5):439-46.
27. Memon A, Memon N, Luthria D, Pitafi A, Bhanger M. Phenolic compounds and seed oil composition of Ziziphus mauritiana L. fruit. Polish J Food Nutr Sci. 2012;62(1):15-21.
28. Öztürk M, Aydoğmuş-Öztürk F, Duru ME, Topçu G. Antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts of Rhubarb (Rheum ribes): An edible medicinal plant. Food Chem. 2007;103(2):623-30.
29. Kawase T, Kato S, Lieber CS. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense systems in rat liver after chronic ethanol feeding. Hepatology. 1989 Nov;10(5):815-21. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840100511. PMID: 2807160.