Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, RL JALAPPA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY TAMAKA, KOLAR, KARNATAKA, INDIA
2
Department of Pharmacognosy R.L. Jalappa College of Pharmacy Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rl Jalappa College of Pharmacy, Tamka, Kolar-563103, Karnataka, India
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RL Jalappa College of Pharmacy, SDUAHER, Tamka, Kolar-563103, Karnataka, India
10.30476/tips.2024.103004.1245
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs), ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers, exhibit unique properties enabling their use in medical applications such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapies. Their interactions with biological systems at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels significantly influence their behavior and efficacy. At the molecular level, NPs form a dynamic protein corona in biological fluids, which affects cellular uptake and biodistribution. They also interact with lipids and nucleic acids, impacting membrane integrity and gene delivery. Cellular uptake of NPs involves various endocytic pathways, influencing intracellular trafficking and potential cytotoxicity. At the tissue level, interactions determine NP biodistribution, with accumulation in organs like the liver, spleen, and brain, posing both therapeutic opportunities and safety concerns. Comprehensive studies on NP safety, biocompatibility, and regulatory guidelines are essential for advancing nanomedicine. This review explores the mechanisms of these interactions, referencing key studies and highlighting their implications for nanomedicine development. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for designing safe and effective NP-based medical interventions.
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