Fractionated Cleome gynandra Extract Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Dysfunction in Wistar Rats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria

2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola

10.30476/tips.2026.109042.1325

Abstract

This study examined the protective effect of methanol leaf extract of Cleome gynandra against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Forty male rats were divided into eight groups and administered the extract or its fractions orally for eight days. Liver toxicity was induced with the use of acetaminophen on day nine. Serum levels of liver enzymes were determined and microscopic examination of the liver tissues conducted. Enzyme activity was significantly increased by acetaminophen compared with controls. Pre-exposure with the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions at the dose of 300mg/kg body weight reduced the levels of enzymes and maintained liver morphology in the normal state. Surprisingly, the ethyl acetate fraction (95.19%) and the n-butanol fraction (94.80%) afforded the highest percentage of hepatoprotection, comparable to the reference standard, silymarin (77.91%). Histopathological analysis revealed that EAF 300 and NBF 300 preserved normal hepatic architecture. The hepatoprotective effects of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were statistically significant (p < 0.05) compared with both the acetaminophen group and the silymarin group. These findings show that C. gynandra has the potential to serve as natural remedy for liver injury.

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