EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF Bryophyllum pinnatum LEAF EXTRACT IN PARACETAMOL INDUCED TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Bayelsa Medical University Yenagoa

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, River State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria

3 Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayelsa Medical University Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract in Wistar rats subjected to paracetamol-induced toxicity. Two treatment groups were established: one receiving 2g/kg paracetamol combined with either 200mg/kg or 400mg/kg of B. pinnatum leaf extract, and a standard control group receiving 2g/kg paracetamol with 200mg/kg of vitamin E, from a total of five groups of rats. The fifth group functioned as a standard control. Blood samples were collected from rats following the conclusion of their two-week treatment period to analyse biochemical parameters and liver function enzymes utilising standard kits. Paracetamol significantly increased liver enzymes compared to normal control: AST (135.48±5.11 vs 81.13±3.27 U/L), ALP (139.23±4.58 vs 90.29±4.96 U/L), ALT (127.36±4.98 vs 53.72±3.85 U/L), creatinine (2.05±0.22 vs 0.70±0.04 U/L), and LDH (40.35±3.02 vs 14.46±0.69 U/L) (all p<0.05). Treatment with 400mg/kg B. pinnatum extract significantly reduced these enzymes: AST (94.48±3.38 U/L), ALT (79.74±4.12 U/L), and LDH (15.36±0.64 U/L) (all p<0.05), with levels comparable to vitamin E treatment. Antioxidant parameters were significantly decreased in the paracetamol group compared to normal control: SOD (2.71±0.16 vs 7.67±0.38 U/mg protein), catalase (2.54±0.28 vs 6.45±0.44 U/mg protein), and GSH (2.77±0.12 vs 7.04±0.81 U/mg protein) (<0.05). MDA levels significantly increased (5.01±0.14 vs 2.78±0.20 U/mg protein, p<0.05). The 400mg/kg B. pinnatum significantly improved these parameters: SOD, catalase, GSH and MDA at p<0.05. B. pinnatum demonstrated significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities against paracetamol-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. These findings suggest potential therapeutic applications of B. pinnatum in managing drug-induced liver injury.

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