Mechanism of Interaction between Nanoparticles and the Body: Molecular, Cellular, and Tissular Levels – a review

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.L Jalappa College of Pharmacy, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy Higher Education and Research (a Deemed to be University), Tamaka, Kolar, India.

2 Department of Pharmacognosy, R.L Jalappa College of Pharmacy, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy Higher Education and Research (a Deemed to be University), Tamaka, Kolar, India.

3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.L Jalappa College of Pharmacy, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy Higher Education and Research (a Deemed to be University), Tamaka, Kolar, India.

10.30476/tips.2024.103004.1245

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs), ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers, exhibit unique properties that enable their use in medical applications such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapies. Their interactions with biological systems occur at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels, significantly influencing their behavior and efficacy. At the molecular level, NPs form a dynamic protein corona in biological fluids, affecting cellular uptake and biodistribution. NPs also interact with lipids and nucleic acids, impacting membrane integrity and gene delivery. Cellular uptake of NPs involves various endocytic pathways, influencing intracellular trafficking and potential cytotoxicity. Tissue-level interactions determine NP biodistribution, with accumulation in organs like the liver, spleen, and brain posing both therapeutic opportunities and safety concerns. Comprehensive studies on NP safety, biocompatibility, and regulatory guidelines are essential for advancing nanomedicine. This review delves into the mechanisms of these interactions, referencing key studies and highlighting their implications for the development of nanomedicine.

Highlights

Mohammed Khalid (Google Scholar)

Ashok Kumar BS (Google Scholar)

Keywords

References

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Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies
Volume 11, Issue 1
March 2025
Pages 73-86

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